feat(backend): per-Reader userscript credential with UI install and rotation (#24)

Each Reader's userscript credential is derived from TOKEN_KEY, their
Discord id and a token epoch (HMAC-SHA256, hex); only its SHA-256 sits in
readers.token_sha256, so install URLs survive restarts while a database
leak yields nothing but hashes. One credential authenticates the script
download path and the API bearer header.

- internal/token: derivation + hashing; migration 0006 adds token_epoch
- seed refreshes the owner's epoch-0 hash only before first rotation
- httpmw.Auth resolves the acting Reader from the credential hash and
  stashes it in the request context; the retired API_TOKEN resolves to
  the owner until API_TOKEN_GRACE_UNTIL, logged per use, on both the
  bearer and script-download paths
- userscript handler renders the bindmounted file with the resolved
  Reader's credential substituted for __API_TOKEN__; a legacy-path
  request during grace serves the derived credential, so devices
  self-migrate on their next update poll
- web UI: Userscripts panel with session-gated install endpoints that
  render the script directly (credential never in markup, address bar
  or a redirect) and confirm-gated rotation; atomic epoch bump + hash
  rewrite in the store
- both userscripts carry __API_TOKEN__ placeholders; the committed
  global-token literal is removed (rotating at deploy retires it for
  real — it survives in git history)
- env: TOKEN_KEY required, API_TOKEN/API_TOKEN_GRACE_UNTIL retire the
  legacy credential; docs and compose updated

backend/internal/httpmw/middleware.go

@@ -2,28 +2,68 @@ package httpmw
 
 import (
 	"compress/gzip"
+	"context"
 	"crypto/subtle"
+	"log"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"bookmarkmanager/backend/internal/store"
+	"bookmarkmanager/backend/internal/token"
 )
 
 const bearerPrefix = "Bearer "
 
-// Auth guards a handler with a constant-time bearer-token check.
-func Auth(token string, next http.Handler) http.Handler {
-	want := []byte(token)
+type ctxKey int
+
+// readerCtxKey is where Auth stashes the authenticated Reader id.
+const readerCtxKey ctxKey = iota
+
+// ReaderID returns the Reader id Auth authenticated, for handlers that take
+// the acting Reader from the request rather than from a fixed field.
+func ReaderID(r *http.Request) int64 { return r.Context().Value(readerCtxKey).(int64) }
+
+// ResolveReader maps a presented credential to a Reader. The credential is
+// hashed and matched against readers.token_sha256 — an equality on 32-byte
+// values, never a comparison of the credential itself — and, during the
+// cutover window, the retired global token resolves to the owner. Every
+// legacy acceptance is logged so the window can be confirmed empty before
+// the token is removed. The same resolution backs the API bearer header and
+// the userscript download path, so the window covers both.
+func ResolveReader(s *store.Store, legacy string, graceUntil time.Time, cred string) (int64, bool) {
+	if readerID, ok, err := s.ReaderIDForTokenHash(token.Hash(cred)); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("auth: reader lookup: %v", err)
+		return 0, false
+	} else if ok {
+		return readerID, true
+	}
+
+	if legacy != "" && time.Now().Before(graceUntil) &&
+		subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(cred), []byte(legacy)) == 1 {
+		log.Printf("auth: retired global token accepted for owner reader %d (grace until %s)",
+			s.OwnerID(), graceUntil.Format(time.RFC3339))
+		return s.OwnerID(), true
+	}
+	return 0, false
+}
+
+// Auth guards a handler with a per-Reader bearer credential. The acting
+// Reader travels in the request context, so a handler scopes every store call
+// to exactly the Reader that authenticated.
+func Auth(s *store.Store, legacy string, graceUntil time.Time, next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		h := r.Header.Get("Authorization")
 		if !strings.HasPrefix(h, bearerPrefix) {
 			http.Error(w, "unauthorized", http.StatusUnauthorized)
 			return
 		}
-		got := []byte(strings.TrimPrefix(h, bearerPrefix))
-		if subtle.ConstantTimeCompare(got, want) != 1 {
+		readerID, ok := ResolveReader(s, legacy, graceUntil, strings.TrimPrefix(h, bearerPrefix))
+		if !ok {
 			http.Error(w, "unauthorized", http.StatusUnauthorized)
 			return
 		}
-		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+		next.ServeHTTP(w, r.WithContext(context.WithValue(r.Context(), readerCtxKey, readerID)))
 	})
 }